491-518 A.D. Vandal 474-491 A.D. Late 4th A.D. 457-474 A.D. 5th A.D. Late 4th-5th A.D. 919-921 A.D. 261 B.C. 1081-1118 A.D. Modern 1078-1081 A.D. Athenian Imperial 255-229 B.C. 338-300 B.C. 3rd B.C. 330-300 B.C. Greek
Herulian debris The filling of the Valerian Wall Late Roman walls and fills Medieval and modern walls and fills
Julio-Claudian Early Flavian Trajanic Antonine 215-225 A.D. 225-250 A.D. Gallienian Augustan Hadrianic 1st B.C. Flavian Early Antonine Trebonianus Gallus 3rd A.D. 2nd half of 3rd A.D. Hadrianic-Antonine Caracallan 235-250 A.D. Middle of 3rd A.D. 270-300 A.D. 4th A.D. 5th A.D.
Vandal 1st half of 1st A.D. 317-326 A.D. 253-268 A.D. Greek Late 4th-5th A.D. 238-244 A.D. 5th A.D. 3rd B.C. 350-300 B.C. 1143-1180 A.D. After 166 B.C. 17th A.D. 1869
1078-1081 A.D. Turkish After 1294 A.D. 963-969 A.D. 1287-1308 A.D., 1291-1294 A.D. 1225-1263 A.D. 379-395 A.D. 1143-1180 A.D. Vandal Late 4th-5th A.D. 323-361 A.D. 330-300 B.C. 307-300 B.C. 5th A.D.
IG II², 910 Agora 15, 212 PA 5848 IG II², 911 W.B. Dinsmoor, Archons of Athens, pp. 222 and 258 Ferguson, Athenian Tribal Cycles, p. 29, pp. 11-12, note 1 S. Dow, Prytaneis, pp. 129-133, no. 71 Dinsmoor, Athenian Archon List, pp. 23 and 189 W.K. Pritchett and Meritt, Chronology, p. xxviii Pritchett and O. Neugebauer, Calendars, p. 85 Meritt, Hesperia 26, 1957, p. 95 Meritt, Athenian Year, pp. 143-144 and 236 Meritt, TAPA 95, 1964, p. 239 Meritt, Historia 26, 1977, p. 182 C. Habicht, Hesperia 59, 1990, p. 570 IG II², 2323 SEG XXV, 194 F. Jacoby, FGrHist, no. 224, fr. 47 Livy, 44.37.5-9 Plutarch, Aemilius Paullus 17.3-5 Meritt, Athenian Year, pp. 143-144 B.D. Meritt, Hesperia 3, 1934, pp. 18-21, no. 18, with photograph A.M. Woodward, Hesperia 5, 1936, pp. 429-430, no. 17 SEG XXV, 118 L. Moretti, Iscrizioni storiche ellenistiche I, pp. 81-83, no. 35
[Plato], Hipparchos, 228 D - 229 A I.G., I (2), 837 Kirchner, Imagines (2), pl. 5, no. 11 Jeffery, Local Scripts, pp. 75, 78, no. 35 Dow and Kirchner, Ath. Mitt., LXII, 1937, pp. 1-3, pl. 1 J.F. Crome, "Hipparcheioi Hermai," Ath. Mitt., LX-LXI, 1935-36, pp. 300-313 Thucydides, VI, 54, 7 M. Crosby, Hesperia, Suppl. VIII, pp. 82-103 H. A. Thompson, Hesperia, XXI, 1952, pp. 47-82 R.E. Wycherley, C.Q., N.S. IV, 1954, pp. 143-150 Kirchner, Imagines (2), pl. 5, no. 12 Nilsson, Geschichte, I (2), pp. 503-505 Eitrem, R.E., s.v. Hermes Chittenden, Hesperia, XVI, 1947, p. 95 Heschichte, I (2), pp. 507-508 Jacoby, F.G.H., III B, 328, 40 Pausanias, IV, 33, 3 Kraus, Hekate, pp. 11-13
229-30 B.C. 307-328 B.C. 457-474 A.D. 330-300 B.C. 270-275 A.D. Second Half of 2nd A.D. First Half of 1st A.D. 306-337 A.D. Greek 395-408 A.D. 3rd B.C. 4th-5th A.D. 330-307 B.C. 395-423 A.D.
Cistern Corinth VII, iii, nos. 131-133, pp. 40-41, pls. 5, 46 Hama III, ii, nos. 8, 12, p. 85, fig. 33 on p. 79 Fill Hama III, ii, nos. 4a, 4b, p. 101, fig. 40 on p. 103, fig. 44 on p. 111 Mitsopoulou-Leon, 1972-1975, cols. 498-499, fig. 1:B Papuci-Wladyka, 1994, p. 262, pl. 209:35 Pyrgi, p. 487, fig. 380:71 and p. 500, fig. 383 Agora 5, F 40, p. 14 Bruneau, 1970, no. 61:6, pp. 476-479, fig. 106 Kalydon, no. 17, p. 419, figs. 144, 146 Bruneau, 1970, nos. 188:6, 7, p. 507, figs. 181, 182, fig. 212 on p. 519 Délos XXVII, D 54, p. 248, pl. 43 Adriani, 1952a, pl. IV:3 Pfrommer, 1985, nos. 36, 37, p. 56, figs. 36, 37 on p. 70 Drain
255-229 B.C. 1143-1180 A.D. 172 B.C. 220-197 B.C. 3rd B.C. 300 B.C. 1684 A.D. Modern Greek 1862 A.D. 15th-16th A.D. Turkish 1869 A.D. 5th A.D. 297-255 B.C.
Svoronos, Pl. 9, no. 8 Svoronos, Pl. 98, no. 14 Svoronos, Pl. 99, no. 11
4 June 1931
Vandal Laye 4th-5th A.D. Hadrian 3rd A.D. Athenian Imperial 379-395 A.D. 408-450 A.D. Late 4th-5th A.D. 395-408 A.D. 1034-1041 A.D. 338-300 B.C. 450-457 A.D. 5th A.D. 395-423 A.D. House of Contantine 4th A.D. 4rd B.C. 1078-1081 A.D. 229-30 B.C. 253-268 A.D. 421 B.C. 307-323 A.D. 367-283 B.C. 12th A.D. 307-283 B.C. 251-254 A.D. Late 4th A.D. Greek Venetian 166 B.C.
229-30 B.C. 5th B.C. 3rd A.D. Early 1st B.C. 220-197 B.C. 297-255 B.C. 408-450 A.D. House of Constantine Late 4th-5th A.D. 330-300 B.C. Greek 4th A.D. Vandal 1143-1180 A.D.
450-457 A.D. Frankish Vandal Turkish Modern Athenian Imperial Greek Greek (Athens) Prince of Achaea - Duke of Athens 1081-1118 A.D. 253-259 A.D. 1691-1710 A.D. 13th-15th 277-239 B.C. 404 B.C 279-168 B.C 88 B.C. 330-300 B.C. 261 B.C. 307-283 B.C. 1st half of 2nd A.D. Eleusis (Athens) 255-229 B.C. 193-194 A.D. 578-582 A.D. 220-197 B.C. 913-959 A.D. 14-37 A.D. 306-328 A.D. 306-361 A.D. 375-383 A.D. 527-565 A.D. 306-337 A.D. 307-323 A.D. 565-578 A.D. 323-361 A.D. 355-363 A.D. 253-268 A.D. 333-350 A.D. Antioch, Pisidia 176-183 A.D. 641-668 A.D. 117-138 A.D 476-493 A.D 270-275 A.D. 276 A.D. 602-610 A.D. 963-969 A.D. 364-378 A.D. 306-283 B.C. 1078-1081 A.D. 283-285 A.D. 276-282 A.D. 286-305 A.D. 350-318 B.C. 408-450 A.D. 395-408 A.D. 146-32 B.C. 379-395 A.D. 222-235 A.D. 425-455 A.D. 456-424 B.C. 275-276 A.D. 364-375 A.D. 1245-1278 A.D. 491-518 A.D. 383-392 A.D. 610-641 A.D. 305-288 B.C. 351-354 A.D. 307-243 B.C. 457-474 A.D. 176-192 A.D. 431-429 B.C. 229-48 B.C. 297-255 B.C. 1486-1501 A.D. 338-300 B.C. 339-297 B.C. Anonymous Byzantine (Class Ia) 370-250 B.C. 1280-1287 A.D. 3rd B.C. 161-169 A.D. 196-146 B.C. Late 4th - 5th A.D. 166 B.C. 1143-1180 A.D. 4th A.D. 229-30 B.C. 316-297 B.C.
House of Valentinian 166 B.C. 30 B.C. Greek 261 B.C. 3rd B.C. 330-300 B.C. Money in Name of Athens 229-30 B.C. 110-100 B.C. 641-668 A.D. 565-578 A.D. 133 B.C. 4th-5th A.D.
395-408 A.D. 88 B.C. 337-340 A.D. Vandal 4th-6th A.D. 379-395 A.D. 3rd B.C. 4th-5th A.D. 229-30 B.C. 220-197 B.C. 330-300 B.C. 98-117 A.D. 166 B.C. Greek 255-229 B.C. 4th A.D. 375-392 A.D.
Reinach, 1892, no. 2, p. 90, pl. XXXVIII:2 Strong, 1966, p. 96, pl. 26:A Cistern Drain CVA, Brussels 3 [Belgium 3], pl. 3 [138]:22 AvP XI, i, no. 150, p. 123, pl. 43 Well CVA, Brussels 3 [Belgium 3], pl. 3 [138]:7,11 CVA, Brussels 3 [Belgium 3], pl. 3 [138]:11 Pit H.A. Thompson, 1934, B 20, p. 338, fig. 18 Agora 5, p. 48 under H 14 Pfrommer, 1987, KP 25, p. 188 Rotroff, 1991, no. 4, p. 69, pl. 14 Rotroff, 1991, nos. 5-7, 10-12, p. 69, pls. 15, 17 Δελτ 24, 1969, B' 2 [1970], p. 293, pl. 302:γ Sciatbi, no. 175, p. 66, pl. LV:112
323-361 A.D. 1143-1180 A.D. 307-243 B.C. Second half of 1st A.D. Modern Vandal Greek 330-300 B.C. 969-976 A.D. 3rd B.C. 229-30 B.C. 379-395 A.D. Roman Imperial
Cistern Type 22 B; Curved and Decorated Rims; Central Tubes; Raised Bases Type 33 A; "Poor Relations"; Generally Curved Profiles; Tops Rounded or Concave Type 35 B; Late Hellenistic; Deeply Depressed Tops; Deeply Sloping Side Walls; Multiple Nozzles Type 39 Prime; Globular Lamps with Small Raised Rims around Filling-Holes; Unglazed Type 49 A; Ephesos Lamps; Collars and Decorated Sides Fill Type 51 D; Very Large Late Hellenistic Relief Lamps; Pointed Nozzles Type 52 G; Early Roman; Rays without Lugs; Concave Tops (Early) Type 37 B; Collars Added to Globular Bodies; Pointed Nozzles Type 48 A; Late Hellenistic Relief Lamps; Nozzles Oval and Grooved Hesperia, XX, 1951, pp. 249, 268 Well Type 39; Globular Lamps with Small Raised Rims around Filling-Holes Signed Bases Type 55 B; Early Roman; Imbricated Leaf Decoration; Concave Top and Grooved Nozzle Agora V Type 47 C; Decorated Lamps of Unusual Shapes; Plastic Lamps Type 40 A; Knidos Type; Imported Type 58 A; Early Roman; Rosette Motif with Large Leaves Type 54 A; Early Roman; Garland of Olive Leaves and Berries; Long Grooved Nozzles Type 49 B; Imitations of Ephesos Lamps Type 50 B; Athenian Imitations of Knidos Lamps Type 52 E; Early Roman; Rays without Lugs; Flat Tops; Grooves on Nozzles Type 54 D; Early Roman; Garland of Leaves; Flat Ridged Top and Long Plain Nozzle Type 56 Variants; Early Roman; Tongue Decoration with or without Imbricated Leaf Pattern Type 30 B; Lamps with Open Bodies; Curved Profiles; Roughly Made Type 25 B; Globular Bodies; Thick Bases; Pierced Lugs Added Type 44 D; Moulded; Undecorated; Pointed Nozzles with Narrow Flat Tops Type 53; Early Roman; Broad Tongue Pattern Type 58 B; Early Roman; Rosette or Pellet Motif; Broad Tops Pyre Miscellaneous Moulded Lamps; Hellenistic through Early Roman, both Plain and Decorated Hesperia, XX, 1951, p. 130 and pl. 54 b: pyre no. 14 Type 52 B; Early Roman; Rays with Rosette and Lug (Late) Pit Type 42 B; Moulded; Watch-Shaped Profiles Type 24 C Prime; Grooved or Ridged Rims; Curved Closed Bodies; Unglazed Exteriors Ostraka Type 20; Early Lamps with Curved Sides; Ridge around Filling-Hole Type 21 Variants; Curved Rims; Variant Features Type 16 B; Lamps with Broad Flat Overhanging Rims; Athenian Version Hesperia, Suppl. V, p. 126 Type 16 Variants; Lamps with Overhanging Rims; Variant Features Hesperia, XX, 1951, p. 182 Type 26 A; High Central Tubes on Rods; Multiple Long Flat-Topped Nozzles Type 23 D; Flat Rims; Tall Closed Bodies; "Inkwell" Type Type 25 B Prime; Globular Bodies; Thick Bases; Pierced Lugs Added; Unglazed Type 44 B; Moulded; Undecorated; Nozzles with Rounded Tops and Rounded Ends Type 52 F; Early Roman; Rays without Lugs; Flat Tops; Channels on Nozzles Type 52 Variants; Early Roman; Rays with Various Other Features Type 54 C; Early Roman; Garland of Leaves; Small Concave Top and Long Plain Nozzle Type 56 B; Early Roman; Imbricated Leaf with Tongue Decoration; Concave Top; Plain Nozzle Type 57; Early Roman; Garlanded Boukrania Type 34 A; "Poor Relations"; Generally Angular Profiles; Depressed Tops Type 43 A; Concave or Ridged Tops; Delphiniform Lugs Cast in Upper Mould Type 43 D; Moulded; "Poor Relations"; Wide Bodies with Concave Ridged Tops Type 29 B; Lamps with Watch-Shaped Lagynos Profiles; Flat Rims around Filling-Holes Type 25 A Prime; Globular Bodies; Thick Bases; Unglazed Type 25 C Prime; Domed Tops; Heavy Bases; Unglazed Type 29 A; Lamps with Watch-Shaped Lagynos Profiles; Narrow Ridges around Filling-Holes Type 43 B; Raised Edges around Flat Tops Type 48 B; Late Hellenistic Relief Lamps; Signed Alpha; Palmettes on Nozzles
Late 5th-Beginning of 4th B.C. Late 2nd-Early 1st B.C. 1st-3rd B.C. 1st A.D. Late 2nd B.C.-86 B.C. Very early years of 1st A.D. 2nd quarter of 1st A.D. Middle of 4th B.C. 1st-Early 2nd A.D. 1st half of 3rd A.D. 1st half of 4th B.C. End of 1st quarter of 5th B.C. 480-479 B.C. 300 B.C.-Early years of 3rd B.C. Turn of the era 4th quarter of 3rd B.C. Early 3rd B.C. 3rd quarter of 2nd B.C.